
The flu, short for influenza, is a common yet potentially serious illness that affects the respiratory system, including your nose, throat, and lungs. While many recover without major issues, the flu can sometimes lead to serious complications—especially for those at higher risk. Here’s a closer look at what the flu is, how it spreads, and how you can protect yourself and your loved ones.
Recognizing Flu Symptoms
Flu symptoms often come on quickly, usually within two or three days of exposure. Unlike a cold, which tends to creep up gradually, the flu can hit you hard and fast. Here are the common signs to watch for:
Fever
Cough
Headache
Muscle aches
Extreme tiredness
Chills and sweating
Children may also experience additional symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or ear pain. Some people report light sensitivity or watery eyes. If you feel worse than you usually do with a cold, it’s likely the flu.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Most people can manage flu symptoms at home with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications. However, certain symptoms may signal the need for professional care:
For Adults:
Difficulty breathing
Chest pain or pressure
Dizziness or confusion
Severe weakness or muscle pain
Worsening of a pre-existing condition
For Children:
Fast or labored breathing
Gray or blue lips
No tears when crying or signs of dehydration
Symptoms that improve but then return or worsen
If you or a loved one falls into a high-risk group—such as being pregnant, very young, elderly, or immunocompromised—reach out to a healthcare provider as soon as symptoms appear. Early antiviral treatment can help reduce the severity of the illness.
How the Flu Spreads
The flu is caused by a virus that spreads primarily through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in your nose or mouth, or you can pick them up by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face. Flu viruses are most contagious from a day before symptoms appear until about 5 to 7 days afterward. Children and people with weaker immune systems can spread the virus for even longer.
Who’s at Risk?
Certain groups are more vulnerable to the flu or its complications:
Young children (especially under 2 years old)
Older adults (65+ years)
Pregnant individuals, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy
People with chronic illnesses like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
Those with weakened immune systems, either from medication or health conditions
People with a BMI over 40, as obesity increases the risk of complications
Residents of shared living spaces, such as nursing homes
Preventing the Flu
The best defense against the flu is getting vaccinated every year. Annual flu shots are tailored to protect against the strains expected to be most common that season. While no vaccine is 100% effective, it significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and hospitalization. Flu vaccines are recommended for anyone over 6 months of age and are available as shots or nasal sprays, depending on your age and health.
Beyond vaccination, these steps can help prevent the flu:
Wash your hands often: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use hand sanitizer if soap isn’t available.
Avoid touching your face: